Article XII, Section 14 of the 1987 Constitution provides that:
The practice of all professions in the Philippines shall be limited to Filipino citizens, save in cases prescribed by law.
R.A. No. 2382 otherwise known as the Medical Act of 1959 states in Section 9 thereof that:
Section 9. Candidates for Board Examinations. - Candidates for Board examinations shall have the following qualifications:
1. He shall be a citizen of the Philippines or a citizen of any foreign country who has submitted competent and conclusive documentary evidence, confirmed by the Department of Foreign Affairs, showing that his countrys existing laws permit citizens of the Philippines to practice medicine under the same rules and regulations governing citizens thereof;
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Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 223 also provides in Section (j) thereof that:
j) The Professional Regulation Commission may, upon the recommendation of the Board concerned, approve the registration of and authorize the issuance of a certificate of registration with or without examination to a foreigner who is registered under the laws of his country: Provided, That the requirement for the registration or licensing in said foreign state or country are substantially the same as those required and contemplated by the laws of the Philippines and that the laws of such foreign state or country allow the citizens of the Philippines to practice the profession on the same basis and grant the same privileges as the subject or citizens of such foreign state or country: Provided, finally, That the applicant shall submit competent and conclusive documentary evidence, confirmed by the Department of Foreign Affairs, showing that his country's existing laws permit citizens of the Philippines to practice the profession under the rules and regulations governing citizens thereof. The Commission is also hereby authorized to prescribe additional requirements or grant certain privileges to foreigners seeking registration in the Philippines if the same privileges are granted to or some additional requirements are required of citizens of the Philippines in acquiring the same certificates in his country;
A foreigner may be granted license to practice medicine in the Philippines so long as it can be shown that he possesses all of the qualifications and none of the disqualifications required by law for the practice of the medicine. In addition, he must prove that he is a citizen of a country which allows citizens of the Philippines to practice medicine under the same rules and regulations governing citizens thereof. (Board of Medicine v. Yasuyuki Ota, G.R. No. 166097, July 14, 2008)
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