What are the limitations on the exercise of the pardoning power of the President?

1. It cannot be granted in cases of impeachment [Sec. 19, Art VII of the Constitution];

2. It cannot be granted in cases of violation of election laws without the favorable recommendation of the Commission on Elections [Sec. 5, Art IX-C];

3. It cannot be granted in cases of legislative contempt (as it would violate separation of powers), or civil contempt (as the State is without interest in the same);

4. It cannot absolve the convict of civil liability [People vs. Nacional];

5. It cannot restore public offices forfeited [Monsanto v. Factoran]